雅思写作不懂这几步，不如回家去种树！

统一“unity”和连贯“coherence”是一篇论证类的作文的要求。（这是高亮！重点！用力拍黑板！） 所谓的统一，指的是一段话中心思想的唯一性；也就是说，每一段的内容必须支持的同一个论点，删除一些不相关的论点以及和论点不相关的内容。 举个例子，如果你想说这是你上过的最无聊的课，那么这一段你的内容就不要提精彩绝伦的讲座以及振奋人心的旅行。或者，如果你想表达你的狗是一只理想的宠物，那么你就不要提养猫的人很友善。 当然大家一定会写的这么的离谱，我们不妨来看下面一段文字，体会一下： >“My most frustrating job was cooking for alocal fast food restaurant during my junior year in high school. No matter howhard I tried, I never could cook what the menu said because the food companyalways delivered the wrong food or brought it late. I also was always frustratedbecause I had trouble estimating how much food to cook. Many times we ran shortof hamburgers or had to throw away pounds and pounds of French fries. Sometimeswe ate the extra French fries, though, and we’d sit around, joking and having agood time. The worst thing, however, was the condition of my clothes after themeal was over. Even if I hadn’t spilled anything (and I usually had spilledsome kind of sauce), my clothes smelled awful. I’d want to go home to changebefore going anyplace else. Some of the managers also spilled food and wantedto change, too. No wonder, then, I thought cooking in a fast food restaurant was frustrating. 乍一看，大部分同学还会觉得这段文字还不错，并不会觉得这段文字的内容有所谓的不统一。但如果仔细看文章，我们就不难发现，有那么几句话是不符合该段主题的。 第一句是关于 eat French fries and have a good time. 第二个句是 manymanagers spilling food and having to change clothes. 这两句话和主题这份在餐厅的工作是令人沮丧的没有直接的关系。 所以，整段文字我们修改如下： >“My most frustrating job was cooking for alocal fast food restaurant during my junior year in high school. No matter howhard I tried, I never could cook what the menu said because the food companyalways delivered the wrong food or brought it late. I also was always frustratedbecause I had trouble estimating how much food to cook. Many times we ran shortof hamburgers or had to throw away pounds and pounds of French fries. The worstthing, however, was the condition of my clothes after the meal was over. Evenif I hadn’t spilled anything (and I usually had spilled some kind of sauce), myclothes smelled awful. I’d want to go home to change before going anyplaceelse. No wonder, then, I thought cooking in a fast food restaurant was frustrating. 所以，我们不难发现，其实一致性这个原则在文段中是非常好做到的，坚守一个原则就是：抓住主旨。不要使你的读者产生任何的疑惑。 那么，稍微有难度一点的内容就在于连贯性。有的时候，我们很难描述什么是连贯的，我们就不妨从反面的角度来考虑一下：所谓的不连贯是指什么？举个例子，一个女人，她冲出了门，大喊：“火！狗！房子！”我们就把这种表达称为不连贯。 我们通过这种语言描述，并不知道她想要表达的意思。她是指，狗在房子里着火了；还是指，房子着火了，狗还在里面？还是狗的房子着火了？尽管语言表达了关键词，但是她缺少了最重要的一些逻辑关系词，导致我们对于文字产生误解。 在此，我们介绍三种重要的方法去达到文段的连贯性，分别是： >1. 原因解释 >2. 中心的反复提及 >3. 过渡词 这些重要的技巧会使得你的读者更简单的跟随你的文章思路。千万不要期望，你的读者都会读心术，能够脑补你的一切想法。你不能只提供内容支撑你的论点，还需要告诉读者这些支撑的内容和论点之间的关系是什么。也就是说，你需要组织下你的支撑内容。 我们不妨来一起看下，下面这段文字： >In the early morning, I am easily annoyedby my roommate. I have to shut the ice-covered windows. A white tornado ofdandruff swirls around the room. A mass of smoke from cigarettes hovers nearthe door. No wonder I find my roommate annoy. 这段文字一看，感觉能把所有支撑内容连在一起，但是却又着实要耗费读者一定的脑力。比方说，我关窗户和我讨厌我的室友有什么关系？白色风暴盘旋在房间和我讨厌室友之间又有什么关系？以及有烟味在门口和我讨厌室友有什么关系？这一些点都是作者想说而又没有说明的地方，留待读者做思考。 所以，在这个地方，我们可以作出一个调整，就是搭建出支撑的内容和论点之间的逻辑关系，就是我们的第一种方法－原因解释。修改如下： >In the early morning, I am easily annoyedby my roommate. I have to shut the ice-covered windows that John, my roommate,insists on opening every night, even during the winter. A white tornado ofdandruff swirling around the room shows me that his dandruff problem is stillin full force. A mass of smoke from John’s pack a day habit hovers near thedoor. No wonder I find my roommate annoy. 这段话，我们解释了约翰，我的室友，是造成一切我讨厌的事物的罪魁祸首。读者因此不会很难理解我对于他的厌恶。当然，这段文字还有待改进，因为我要假设读者是不愿意作出大量的脑力活动。他们并不愿意去记住这么多的内容量，也就意味着我们需要不断的提醒读者我们这段话的中心思想。 这也就是我们提高问段连贯性的第二种方法—反复提及中心词。修改如下： >In the early morning, I am easily annoyedby my roommate. I am annoyed each time I have to shut the ice-covered windowsthat John, my roommate, insists on opening every night, even during the winter.A disgusting white tornado of dandruff swirling around the room shows me thathis dandruff problem is still in full force. A mass of stale smoke from John’spack a day habit hovers near the door. No wonder I find my roommate annoy. 这段话，我们通过不断的提及中心词：annoyed, disgusting, stale，让读者不需要作出努力就可以理解文字表达中心情感。最后，我们对于文段提出的修改一件，应该是使得文段内容更紧密连接，而不是一个支撑内容加一个支撑内容的过。 因此，我们需要采取第三种方法－添加过渡词。修改如下： >In the early morning, I am easily annoyedby my roommate. For example, I am annoyed each time I have to shut theice-covered windows that John, my roommate, insists on opening every night,even during the winter. I am also disgusted by a white tornado of dandruffswirling around the room shows me that his dandruff problem is still in fullforce. Most bothersome, though, is the choking mass of stale smoke from John’spack a day habit hovers near the door. No wonder I find my roommate annoy. 这样的话，我们这段文字的修改才算完成，对比最后一个版本和第一个版本，差距是显而易见的。希望大家可以领会统一和连贯这个文章要求，使得自己的语意表达更容易的让读者看懂。